Nutricion IV

GUIA 4

Nutricion IV

Alcohol (wine, beer, or liquor) is the leading known preventable cause of developmental and physical birth defects in the United States.

When a woman drinks alcohol during pregnancy, she risks giving birth to a child who will pay the price — in mental and physical deficiencies — for his or her entire life.

Yet many pregnant women do drink alcohol. It's estimated that each year in the United States, 1 in every 750 infants is born with a pattern of physical, developmental, and functional problems referred to as fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS), while another 40,000 are born with fetal alcohol effects (FAE).

Signs and Symptoms

If you adopted a child or consumed alcohol during pregnancy and are concerned that your child may have FAS, watch for characteristics of the syndrome, which include:

    * low birth weight

    * small head circumference

    * failure to thrive

    * developmental delay

    * organ dysfunction

    * facial abnormalities, including smaller eye openings, flattened cheekbones, and indistinct philtrum (an underdeveloped groove between the nose and the upper lip)

    * epilepsy

    * poor coordination/fine motor skills

    * poor socialization skills, such as difficulty building and maintaining friendships and relating to groups

    * lack of imagination or curiosity

    * learning difficulties, including poor memory, inability to understand concepts such as time and money, poor language comprehension, poor problem-solving skills

    * behavioral problems, including hyperactivity, inability to concentrate, social withdrawal, stubbornness, impulsiveness, and anxiety

Children with FAE display the same symptoms, but to a lesser degree.

How Much Alcohol Is Too Much?

It's clear that abusing alcohol during pregnancy is dangerous, but what about the occasional drink? How much alcohol constitutes too much during pregnancy?
No evidence exists that can determine exactly how much alcohol ingestion will produce birth defects. Individual women process alcohol differently. Other factors vary the results, too, such as the age of the mother, the timing and regularity of the alcohol ingestion, and whether the mother has eaten any food while drinking.
Although full-blown FAS is the result of chronic alcohol use during pregnancy, FAE and ARND may occur with only occasional or binge drinking.
Because alcohol easily passes the placental barrier and the fetus is less equipped to eliminate alcohol than its mother, the fetus tends to receive a high concentration of alcohol, which lingers longer than it would in the mother's system.
Mothers who drink during the first trimester of pregnancy have kids with the most severe problems because that is when the brain is developing. The connections in the baby's brain don't get made properly when alcohol is present. Of course, in the early months, many women don't even know they're pregnant.
It's important for women who are thinking about becoming pregnant to adopt healthy behaviors before they get pregnant.
Women who abstain from alcohol in early pregnancy may feel comfortable drinking in the final months. But some of the most complex developmental stages in the brain occur in the second and third trimesters, a time when the nervous system can be greatly affected by alcohol. Even moderate alcohol intake, and especially periodic binge drinking, can seriously damage a developing nervous system.

Prevention Is the Key

FAS can be completely prevented by not drinking any alcohol during pregnancy.
Reviewed by: Louis E. Bartoshesky, MD, MPH
Date reviewed: November 2011
Originally reviewed by: Linda Nicholson, MS, MC

Actividad 1

Gramática

1.        Transcribe un GN que contenga un artículo indefinido como determinador. Subrayar su núcleo. Escribe el significado de todo el grupo en Español.

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II.            Transcribe un GN que contenga un adjetivo en modo comparativo. Subrayar su núcleo. Escribe el significado de todo el grupo en Español.

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III.          Transcribe un GN que contenga un adjetivo con ed. Subrayar su núcleo. Escribe el significado de todo el grupo en Español.

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IV.          Transcriba una oración que contenga un  GV con verbo en pasado. Subraya el GV y luego escríbela en Español.

V.         Transcriba una oración que contenga un  GV en Pasiva en  Presente. Subraya el GV y luego escríbela en Español.

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VI.  Transcriba una oración que contenga un  GV con verbo ser o estar. Subraya el GV y luego escríbela en Español.

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Observa la siguiente oración ,  luego escriba la oración en Español.

Mothers who drink during the first trimester of pregnancy have kids with the most severe problems because that is when the brain is developing. The connections in the baby's brain don't get made properly when alcohol is present. Of course, in the early months, many women don't even know they're pregnant.

 

ACTIVIDADES DE COMPRENSION

Realice las siguientes actividades en Español, con información extraída del texto.

I.          ¿De que habla el articulo? .

II.         ¿Qué ocasiona esto?

III.        ¿Cuáles son las características del FAS?

IV        ¿Cuanto alcohol se considera demasiado para una mujer embarazada?

V.        ¿El feto puede defenderse contra el alcohol?

VI.       ¿Que le ocurre a la madre en el primer trimestre  de embarazo?

VII.      ¿Es un articulo actualizado? ‘¿De donde fue extraído?

 Nutricion

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 Date

Name

 

The Rise of Eating Issues and Disorders

Seeing the rail-thin models who strut down catwalks at fashion shows, you might think that eating disorders like bulimia or anorexia mostly affect women whose livelihoods are based on being thin.

But more and more, these problems are affecting people from all walks of life — and, unfortunately, many of them are kids. Of the almost 24 million Americans who suffer from an eating disorder, 95% are between 12 and 25 years old.

Experts report that more than 50% of teenage girls use "unhealthy weight control behaviors such as skipping meals, fasting, smoking cigarettes, vomiting, and taking laxatives."

But these disorders are not just a "girl problem" — 1 in 10 cases now involve males. Guys often develop problems with eating as a response to sports or fitness — for instance, developing bulimia to reach a certain weight for wrestling or swimming. Recognizing and diagnosing eating disorders in young men can be difficult due to the perception that these are "female" problems and the shame they might feel at having a condition associated with girls.

Eating disorders — primarily anorexia (self-starvation), bulimia (bingeing and purging), and binge eating (uncontrolled consumption of large amounts of food) — typically begin in the teen years and can be easy for some kids to hide. Compulsive exercise can accompany an eating disorder, so parents might attribute a teen's lean and toned build to that and not realize disordered eating is also part of the problem. In these instances, both components — the undereating and overexercising — are attempts to gain control over complicated feelings and emotions.

So how can parents spot an eating disorder and help their child recover and have a healthy relationship with food? Be aware of the physical clues — like extreme weight loss; obsessing over food portions, calorie counts, and weight control; fear of weight gain; social withdrawal; excessive exercise; regular trips to the bathroom right after eating; use of laxatives, diuretics, or enemas; and wearing baggy clothes to hide his or her physique.

If you think your son or daughter might have an eating disorder, it's important to get help right away. People with eating disorders can become seriously ill and even die. Doctors, mental health professionals, and dietitians can help a teen get treatment, recover, and develop healthy eating (and exercise) habits.

To help "inoculate" kids against developing a problem in the first place, parents can take the lead by setting a good example. Be sure to:

• serve and eat healthy foods in recommended portions
• don't put your own body down or focus on flaws
• if you're overweight, find healthy ways to achieve weight loss
• make regular exercise a family affair
• encourage everyone in your family to focus on their strengths

Reviewed by: D'Arcy Lyness, PhD
Date reviewed: December 2011

Actividad 1:

a)   Lea el título del texto y escríbalo en español.

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b)   A partir del título, ¿sobre qué le parece que tratará el texto?

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c)   Observe en los textos las palabras transparentes y márquelas con un color.

 

Actividades de Gramática

1-      Marque los sufijos y prefijos que encuentre. Diga a qué categoría gramatical pertenecen. Luego escriba las palabras en español.

 

2-      Busque en el texto 4 ejemplos de grupos verbales con:

¯  Presente verbo ser- estar

¯  Verbos Modales en pasiva

¯  Verbos en modo imperativo

Escriba los equivalentes en español.

3- Vocabulario
Buscar en el diccionario las siguientes palabras, marcar sufijos/ prefijos y decir funcion gramatical

livelihood:
unfortunately:
mostly:
unhealthy:
fitness:
disorder:
undereating:
overexercising:
uncontrolled:
relationship:
dieticians:
treatment:
overweight:

Buscar las siguientes palabras

behaviour

skip:

focus:

get help:

right away:

withdrawal:

take the lead:

Actividad de Comprension

1- De que trata el articulo?
2- Que es la bulimia?
3- y la anorexia?
4- Es una enfermedad?
5- Por que suele darse esto?
6- Como se soluciona?